Ultrasound (USG)
Imaging · Imaging
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About this test
What is an Ultrasound (USG)?
Ultrasound is a non‑invasive imaging test that uses high‑frequency sound waves to create real‑time pictures of organs, tissues, and blood flow inside the body. It does not use ionising radiation.
Key Parameters Reported
| Parameter | What it Shows |
|---|---|
| Organ size and shape | Detects enlargement, shrinkage or structural abnormalities |
| Tissue echogenicity | Highlights differences in tissue density (e.g., fatty liver, tumors) |
| Blood flow (colour Doppler) | Assesses circulation, detects blockages or abnormal flow |
| Fluid collections | Identifies cysts, abscesses, ascites |
| Fetal growth and anatomy (in obstetrics) | Monitors development and detects congenital anomalies |
Why is an Ultrasound Done?
- Routine check‑ups (e.g., abdominal ultrasound for abdominal pain)
- Evaluation of specific symptoms (abdominal pain, swelling, jaundice)
- Monitoring known conditions (e.g., liver disease, kidney stones, pregnancy)
- Guiding procedures (e.g., needle biopsies, drain placements)
Early Detection
Ultrasound can help identify signs of conditions such as gallstones, kidney stones, liver disease, or fetal anomalies, but it does not diagnose on its own. A doctor interprets the images together with symptoms, history, and other tests.
What Abnormal Results May Indicate
- High organ size or irregular shape – may suggest tumors, cysts, or organ enlargement
- Altered echogenicity – could indicate fatty infiltration, fibrosis, or inflammation
- Abnormal blood flow – may point to blockages, aneurysms, or vascular malformations
- Fluid collections – may represent infection, bleeding, or ascites
Many factors such as hydration, recent meals, medications, or body position can influence the appearance of tissues on ultrasound.
Who Might Be Advised to Get an Ultrasound?
- Adults with unexplained abdominal pain or swelling
- Patients with liver or kidney disease
- Pregnant women for routine obstetric scans
- Individuals with suspected gallstones or kidney stones
- Patients requiring guidance for a biopsy or drainage procedure
Quick Summary
Ultrasound is a safe, real‑time imaging tool that visualises organs, tissues, and blood flow without radiation. It helps doctors spot structural or functional abnormalities, but results are interpreted alongside clinical information.
Used for detecting / monitoring
Before your test
No fasting is required for a standard abdominal or obstetric ultrasound. If the ultrasound is scheduled together with a blood test that requires fasting, follow the fasting instructions for the blood test.
Procedure
- You will lie on an examination table and a gel will be applied to the area to be scanned.
- A handheld transducer (probe) will be moved over the skin to send and receive sound waves.
- The scan usually takes 15–30 minutes, depending on the area examined.
What to Expect
- The procedure is painless; you may feel slight pressure from the probe.
- No needles or injections are involved.
Precautions
- Avoid alcohol and strenuous exercise for 24 hours before the test if you are also having a blood test that requires fasting.
- Inform the technician if you are pregnant, have a pacemaker, or have any implants.
Please confirm specific preparation instructions with your doctor or the lab. This information is general educational content and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Sample type: Imaging
Report parameter guide
Ultrasound Imaging
A non‑invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of organs and structures inside the body