Urine Examination Routine (Urine R/E) Automated
General · Blood
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About this test
What is a Urine Examination Routine (Urine R/E) Automated?
- A quick, automated test that analyzes a urine sample for a range of physical, chemical, and microscopic parameters.
- It helps doctors spot signs of kidney problems, urinary tract infections, metabolic disorders, and other conditions.
Key Parameters Measured
| Parameter | What it shows |
|---|---|
| Colour | General hydration and possible blood or bile pigments |
| Specific gravity | Concentration of solutes; indicates hydration or kidney concentrating ability |
| pH | Acidity or alkalinity; can hint at diet, infection, or metabolic issues |
| Protein | Elevated levels may suggest kidney damage or disease |
| Glucose | Presence may indicate diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance |
| Ketones | Can signal uncontrolled diabetes or starvation |
| Bilirubin | May point to liver disease or hemolysis |
| Urobilinogen | Helps assess liver function and hemolysis |
| Nitrite | Often a marker of bacterial infection in the urinary tract |
| Leukocyte esterase | Indicates white blood cells; a sign of infection or inflammation |
| Microscopic sediment | Red and white blood cells, casts, crystals, and bacteria; provides detailed insight into urinary tract health |
Why is this test done?
- Routine health check‑ups to screen for hidden problems.
- Evaluation of symptoms such as pain, burning, or frequent urination.
- Monitoring kidney function or diabetes management.
- Screening for urinary tract infections, especially in pregnant women or patients with recurrent infections.
Early Detection
This test can help identify signs of kidney disease, urinary tract infection, diabetes, and liver dysfunction, but it does not diagnose on its own. A doctor interprets the result together with symptoms, history, and other tests.
Interpreting Abnormal Results
- High protein may indicate kidney damage, glomerulonephritis, or severe dehydration.
- High glucose suggests diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
- Positive nitrite or leukocyte esterase points to a bacterial urinary tract infection.
- Red or white blood cells in sediment can signal infection, stones, or inflammation.
- Many factors—hydration status, recent diet, certain medications, or strenuous exercise—can influence results, so repeat testing or additional investigations may be needed.
Who Should Consider This Test?
- Adults and children undergoing routine health assessments.
- Individuals with symptoms of urinary problems.
- Patients with diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease.
- Pregnant women to screen for urinary tract infections.
- Anyone with a family history of kidney or urinary tract disorders.
Quick Takeaway
A routine urine test is a simple, non‑invasive screening tool that can flag early signs of kidney, urinary, or metabolic issues, guiding further evaluation by a healthcare professional.
Used for detecting / monitoring
Before your test
- Fasting: No fasting is required for a routine urine test.
- Combined fasting tests: If you are also scheduled for blood tests that require fasting, follow the fasting instructions for those tests; otherwise, no fasting is needed.
- Sample collection: Provide a clean‑catch mid‑stream urine sample in a sterile container. The process takes about 5 minutes.
- What to expect: No pain or discomfort; simply collect the sample as instructed.
- Precautions: Stay well‑hydrated; avoid excessive alcohol or strenuous exercise 24 hours before the test if you are also undergoing other lab tests that require such precautions.
- Next steps: Confirm any specific preparation details with your doctor or the lab. This information is general educational content and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Sample type: Blood
Report parameter guide
Color
The hue of the urine, indicating hydration and possible substances
Low: Very pale or clear – may indicate overhydration or low concentration of pigments
High: Dark yellow or amber – may indicate dehydration, liver disease, or high concentration of pigments
Clarity
How clear or cloudy the urine appears
Low: Clear – generally normal
High: Cloudy or turbid – may indicate infection, inflammation, or presence of cells/crystals
Specific Gravity
Measure of urine concentration relative to water
Low: Low – may indicate overhydration or kidney concentrating defect
High: High – may indicate dehydration, diabetes insipidus, or kidney concentrating defect
pH
Acidity or alkalinity of the urine
Low: Low (acidic) – may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, certain metabolic acidosis, or ingestion of acids
High: High (alkaline) – may indicate urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or ingestion of alkali
Protein
Presence of protein in the urine
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate kidney damage, infection, or high blood pressure
Glucose
Presence of glucose in the urine
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate uncontrolled diabetes or renal threshold exceeded
Ketones
Presence of ketone bodies in the urine
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, or low carbohydrate diet
Blood
Presence of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate infection, stones, trauma, or glomerular disease
Bilirubin
Presence of bilirubin in the urine
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate liver disease or bile duct obstruction
Urobilinogen
Presence of urobilinogen in the urine
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate liver disease, hemolysis, or biliary obstruction
Nitrite
Presence of nitrite, indicating bacterial reduction of nitrate
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate bacterial urinary tract infection
Leukocyte Esterase
Enzyme released by white blood cells
Low: None – normal
High: Positive – may indicate infection or inflammation in the urinary tract
RBC
Red blood cells per high power field
Low: None – normal
High: Elevated – may indicate infection, stones, trauma, or glomerular disease
WBC
White blood cells per high power field
Low: None – normal
High: Elevated – may indicate infection or inflammation
Epithelial Cells
Cells lining the urinary tract
Low: None – normal
High: Elevated – may indicate infection, inflammation, or contamination
Crystals
Solid particles formed from dissolved substances
Low: None – normal
High: Present – may indicate kidney stones or metabolic disorders
Bacteria
Presence of bacterial colonies
Low: None – normal
High: Present – may indicate urinary tract infection