Semen Analysis
Fertility · Semen
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No lab currently offers this test.
About this test
What is a Semen Analysis?
A semen analysis (also called a sperm count test) is a laboratory test that evaluates the health and viability of a man's sperm. It measures several key parameters that help doctors understand fertility potential.
Key Parameters
| Parameter | What it shows |
|---|---|
| Volume | Total fluid produced in ejaculation |
| Concentration | Number of sperm per milliliter |
| Total count | Total sperm in the entire sample |
| Motility | Percentage of sperm that move actively |
| Morphology | Percentage of sperm with normal shape |
| pH | Acidity/alkalinity of semen |
| Vitality | Percentage of live sperm |
Why is it done?
- Routine fertility evaluation for couples trying to conceive.
- Investigation of male infertility symptoms such as low libido, erectile dysfunction, or history of infertility.
- Monitoring sperm parameters in men undergoing treatments that may affect fertility (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation).
- Baseline assessment before assisted reproductive techniques (IVF, ICSI).
Early Detection
The test can help identify signs of conditions that affect sperm production or function, but it does not diagnose any disease on its own. A doctor interprets the results together with medical history, symptoms, and other investigations.
What Abnormal Results May Indicate
- Low volume or concentration may suggest blockage, hormonal imbalance, or testicular dysfunction.
- Poor motility can be due to infections, varicocele, or lifestyle factors.
- Abnormal morphology may point to genetic or environmental causes.
- However, many factors such as hydration, recent illness, or medication can influence results.
Who Might Be Advised to Get This Test?
- Men who have been trying to conceive for 6–12 months.
- Men with a history of infertility or reproductive disorders.
- Men undergoing treatments that could affect fertility.
- Couples planning assisted reproduction.
In short: A semen analysis provides a snapshot of sperm health and is a key tool in evaluating male fertility.
Used for detecting / monitoring
Before your test
Preparation
- Fasting: No fasting required.
- If combined with fasting tests: Follow the strictest instruction (e.g., if you are also having a blood glucose test, fast 8–12 hours).
- Sample collection: The sample is collected by masturbation into a sterile container provided by the lab. It should be delivered within 30–60 minutes of ejaculation.
- What to expect: No pain or discomfort; the procedure is quick (a few minutes).
- Precautions: Avoid alcohol and strenuous exercise 24 hours before the test. Hydrate well. If you are on medication that may affect sperm parameters (e.g., antibiotics, steroids), inform the lab.
- Note: Confirm specific preparation details with your doctor or the lab. This information is general educational content and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Sample type: Semen
Report parameter guide
Volume
Amount of semen produced in the ejaculate
Low: May indicate dehydration, blockage, or hormonal issues
High: May suggest a backup of seminal fluid or certain infections
Concentration
Number of sperm per milliliter of semen
Low: May indicate low sperm production or hormonal imbalance
High: May be seen in cases of varicocele or certain infections
Motility
Percentage of sperm that are moving actively
Low: May indicate poor sperm function, infection, or hormonal problems
High: Usually normal or slightly elevated; very high motility is uncommon and not necessarily better
Morphology
Percentage of sperm with normal shape
Low: May indicate abnormal sperm production or genetic factors
High: Very high morphology is rare and not typically associated with fertility issues
pH
Acidity or alkalinity of the semen
Low: May indicate infection or prostate issues
High: May indicate infection or seminal vesicle problems
Total Count
Total number of sperm in the entire ejaculate
Low: May indicate low sperm production or blockage
High: May indicate backup of seminal fluid or certain infections